The present work was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of methanolic extract of Euphorbia thymifolia (ETME) in experimentally induced diabetes in rats. Diabetes was induced in experimental rats using streptozotocin, 55 mg/kg, i.p. The antidiabetic effect was estimated by measuring glucose level and other parameters like lipid profile, total cholesterol and triglyceride level in tissue homogenates, total hemoglobin, HbA1C, α-glucosidase activity and histology of pancreas. Administration of different doses of ETME (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the glucose level and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in experimental rats. Moreover, microscopy of pancreas in glibenclamide and ETME 400 mg/kg group showed restoration of architecture of pancreatic β-cell and hepatocytes near to normal and appeared to regulate diabetes at the cellular level. It was concluded that ETME showed antidiabetic effect due to presence of phytoconstituents that responsible for α-glucosidase inhibition activity and improved pancreas architecture.
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